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Aggregate Mining
Construction aggregate, or simply aggregate, is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction. Traditionally, it includes natural materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone. As with other types of aggregates, it is a component of composite materials, particularly concrete and asphalt. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world,[1][2] being a significant part of 6 billion tons of concrete produced per year.[3]
Aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the resulting material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity as compared to most soil types, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base material under building foundations, roads, and railroads (aggregate base). It has predictable, uniform properties, preventing differential settling under the road or building.
Aggregates are also used as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete. Although most kinds of aggregate require a form of binding agent, there are types of self-binding aggregate which require no form of binding agent.[4] More recently, recycled concrete and geosynthetic materials have also been used as aggregates.
Twickenhamis a suburban district inLondon, England. It is situated on theRiver Thames9.9 miles (15.9 km) southwest ofCharing Cross.Historicallypart ofMiddlesex, it has formed part of theLondon Borough of Richmond upon Thamessince 1965, and theborough council's administrative headquarters are located in the area.
The population, includingSt MargaretsandWhitton, was 62,148 at the 2011 census.[1]
Twickenham is the home of theRugby Football Union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visitingTwickenham Stadiumeach year. The historic riverside area has a network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which have survived intact.[2]
This area has three grand period mansions with public access:York House,Marble HillandStrawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-centuryaphoristicpoetAlexander Pope, who was known as theBard of Twickenham.[3]Strawberry Hill, theNeo-Gothicprototype home ofHorace Walpoleis linked with the oldestRoman Catholicuniversity in the country,St Mary's University.
